06 · Routing and dial plans

A London worked example

One concrete walk is worth a page of definitions.

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Learn it in 5 minutes

A London user dials a UK national number. Their dial plan emits +44. Their policy lists emergency, then UK national, then international. The UK route matches +44 and prefers sbc-lon, with sbc-man as priority 2. A Manchester-only policy has no international usage, so a US number fails closed.

An emergency 999 hits a rule that rewrites it to the emergency route, not to an extension and not to the international gateway. If you cannot tell that story with your own site names, you are not ready to change production.

Walk a number: dial plan, then usages in order, then the route, then the gateway priority.

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Visual

OPTIONS health12345678SIP OPTIONS
Repeated misses take a trunk out of service. The campus does not invent Microsoft's internal counter.
Policy walkEmergency · Checked firstUK · MatchesInternational · Not needed
First match in the teaching model. Counts in this drawing are teaching order, not customers.

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Worked example

I can walk one number through normalize, usage, route, and gateway.

  1. Dial UK number
  2. Normalize +44
  3. Usage UK national
  4. SBC London first

If it fails: 999 matches an international route via another country.

Checklist HTML

Quiz

Which description of Emergency short code is accurate?

A colleague reports: A user dials 999 and the dial plan turns it into an extension. Where do you start?

Which description of E.164 is accurate?

Flashcards

Ecosystem

Glossary

  • Normalization The dial plan rewrites what a person dialed into a number the routes can match, usually E.164. The first matching rule wins. Config: Put the specific rules above the general ones. Fault: A catch-all rule is first, so the emergency rule never runs.
  • Tenant dial plan A set of normalization rules you assign to users. A user can have a more specific plan than the tenant default. Config: Grant the plan to the user and test from that user. Fault: You edit the global plan and a branch with its own plan does not change.
  • PSTN usage A name that links a voice routing policy to one or more voice routes. The policy’s ordered list of usages is the permission to place those calls. Config: Create the usage, attach routes, then put the usage on the policy in the right order. Fault: International works because the international usage was left on a branch policy.
  • Voice route A number pattern plus an ordered list of SBC gateways. It does nothing until a PSTN usage on the user’s policy points at it. Config: Anchor the pattern. Test with the normalized number, not the raw digits. Fault: The route expects 10 digits and the dial plan already added +1.

Sister technologies

Around the call: compliance recording, workforce management, emergency location, analytics, CRM screen pop, and an agent with a human escape. Each one has its own failure.

Config and troubleshooting

999 matches an international route via another country.

Cross-platform bridges

CUCM

Cisco CUBE is one of the SBC families named in this lab’s certification lesson. A certified release can be the Direct Routing SBC between Unified CM and Teams.

The tenant still needs a verified domain on the SBC FQDN, and the user still needs Teams Phone. The studio translator does not open a live AXL session. Confirm the current certified release before you build.

Webex

Teams Phone and Webex Calling are separate clouds. This lab does not describe a feature that registers a Webex Calling user into a Teams tenant.

A number move is usually a carrier port, a certified SBC, or a meetings interop product. Confirm before relying.

UCCE

Unified CCE stays the ACD until you migrate it. Microsoft’s contact-center articles name Connect, Extend, and Unify. They do not name a UCCE connector in the notes this lab cites.

Voice into Teams is still Direct Routing or Operator Connect. The routing script stays on the contact-center product you bought. Confirm the vendor’s current model. Source: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/teams-contact-center.

Future hooks

Copilot Studio, Azure Communication Services, and Graph are later tracks in this lab. Treat any uncited limit as confirm before relying.

BridgesEcosystem

Sources and go deeper

Opened 2026-10. A row marked confirm did not open. Wikipedia is background. The Teams blog row is the community index.

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