11 · TLS, certificates, SIP

The certificate profile

SIP never starts if TLS fails. Dial-plan debates can wait.

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Learn it in 5 minutes

Issue a certificate whose subject or SAN contains the SBC FQDN, from a CA in the Microsoft trusted root program, with server authentication EKU. Generate the CSR on the SBC. A private lab CA is how you learn the failure, not how you run production.

TLS 1.2 or newer toward the proxies. TLS 1.0 is not a compatible offer. Include the chain. An incomplete chain looks like a mysterious timeout.

The SBC certificate must match the paired name, come from a trusted public CA, and speak TLS 1.2 or newer.

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Visual

ACS call automationAnswerPlayRecognizeDTMFTransferHang up
Events, not a phone tree hidden in a form. The certificate profile still needs a human escape.
Certificate checklistName · SANTrust · Public CAEKU · Server authVersion · TLS 1.2+
All four. Counts in this drawing are teaching order, not customers.

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Worked example

Public CA, SAN matches the paired FQDN, server EKU, TLS 1.2 or newer.

  1. CSR On the SBC
  2. CA Public, trusted
  3. EKU Server auth
  4. TLS 1.2 or newer

If it fails: The chain is missing and the handshake times out.

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Quiz

Which description of SRTP is accurate?

A colleague reports: The SBC offers RTP/AVP only and the call fails or is unsupported. Where do you start?

Which description of TLS 1.2 is accurate?

Flashcards

Ecosystem

Glossary

  • SRTP The media encryption Direct Routing uses. Signaling is TLS. A successful INVITE with plaintext RTP is not the design. Config: Allow the UDP media range. Do not strip SRTP on the SBC. Fault: The SBC offers RTP/AVP only and the call fails or is unsupported.
  • TLS 1.2 Direct Routing signaling expects modern TLS. TLS 1.0 is not a compatible offer. Config: Upgrade firmware and offer TLS 1.2 or newer toward the proxies. Fault: The handshake dies before OPTIONS.
  • Certificate SAN The name on the SBC certificate must match the FQDN you paired. Wildcards are allowed when they follow RFC 2818. Config: Issue the certificate for the paired name. Include the chain. Fault: TLS fails with a name mismatch and someone restarts the SBC.
  • Microsoft trusted root The SBC certificate must come from a CA in Microsoft’s trusted root program. A private lab CA is not enough for production pairing. Config: Use a public CA for the production FQDN. Fault: The trunk works in the lab and fails the morning you point it at sip.pstnhub.

Sister technologies

Around the call: compliance recording, workforce management, emergency location, analytics, CRM screen pop, and an agent with a human escape. Each one has its own failure.

Config and troubleshooting

The chain is missing and the handshake times out.

Cross-platform bridges

CUCM

Cisco CUBE is one of the SBC families named in this lab’s certification lesson. A certified release can be the Direct Routing SBC between Unified CM and Teams.

The tenant still needs a verified domain on the SBC FQDN, and the user still needs Teams Phone. The studio translator does not open a live AXL session. Confirm the current certified release before you build.

Webex

Teams Phone and Webex Calling are separate clouds. This lab does not describe a feature that registers a Webex Calling user into a Teams tenant.

A number move is usually a carrier port, a certified SBC, or a meetings interop product. Confirm before relying.

UCCE

Unified CCE stays the ACD until you migrate it. Microsoft’s contact-center articles name Connect, Extend, and Unify. They do not name a UCCE connector in the notes this lab cites.

Voice into Teams is still Direct Routing or Operator Connect. The routing script stays on the contact-center product you bought. Confirm the vendor’s current model. Source: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/teams-contact-center.

Future hooks

Copilot Studio, Azure Communication Services, and Graph are later tracks in this lab. Treat any uncited limit as confirm before relying.

BridgesEcosystem

Sources and go deeper

Opened 2026-10. A row marked confirm did not open. Wikipedia is background. The Teams blog row is the community index.

  • Plan Direct Routing — Microsoft Learn — last checked 2026-10.
  • RFC 3261 — RFC — last checked 2026-10.
  • RFC 8446 — RFC — last checked 2026-10.
  • RFC 4566 — RFC — last checked 2026-10.
  • Transport Layer Security — Wikipedia — last checked 2026-10. Wikipedia fallback for background. Confirm the vendor page before you change a tenant
  • Session Initiation Protocol — Wikipedia — last checked 2026-10. Wikipedia fallback for background. Confirm the vendor page before you change a tenant
  • Microsoft Teams blog index — Community — last checked 2026-10. Community index for the Microsoft Teams blog. This is the index, not a claim that a post discusses this room

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