12 · Troubleshooting

Reading a ladder

The response code is the branch. A story without codes is not a diagnosis.

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Learn it in 5 minutes

Order the messages. INVITE, 100, 180 or 183, 200, ACK, then later BYE. 183 is early media, not an answer. 488 means the SDP was refused. 408 means something did not answer in time. 503 means the hop is refusing service. 487 often means the caller cancelled.

Join on Call-ID. Two calls that start in the same second are not the same call. Read the first non-success on the hop that sent it, then stop. Do not restart a healthy SBC because a 180 felt slow.

Follow one Call-ID. 183 is not an answer. 488 is codecs. 503 is a hop refusing work.

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Visual

Media bypass beside the signaling pathTeams clientMedia processorCertified SBCMedia bypass candidate, same site. Signaling still visits Teams.Signaling does not bypass
Two paths for Reading a ladder. RTP may skip the processor. SIP does not.
Codes worth knowing180 · Alerting183 · Early media488 · SDP503 · Unavailable
Not a full SIP catalog. Counts in this drawing are teaching order, not customers.

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Worked example

I read the first failing response on one Call-ID.

  1. Call-ID One dialog
  2. Order Request then response
  3. Code First failure
  4. Hop Who sent it

If it fails: Two captures are compared and they are different calls.

Checklist HTML

Quiz

A colleague reports: HQ looks terrible because the VPN pool was labeled HQ. Where do you start?

Which description of Poor stream clues is accurate?

A colleague reports: The ticket says ‘Teams is down’ and loss is 0.2% with a 600 ms RTT. Where do you start?

Flashcards

Ecosystem

Glossary

  • Call Analytics The per-user, per-call quality view in the Teams admin center. Use it when one person had one bad call. Config: Open the user’s call and read jitter, loss, and RTT on each stream. Fault: A site problem is hunted one user at a time.
  • Call Quality Dashboard The aggregate quality report. Use it for subnets, buildings, and trends. Config: Confirm the subnet-to-building map before you trust a building chart. Fault: HQ looks terrible because the VPN pool was labeled HQ.
  • Poor stream clues Teach yourself to look at jitter, packet loss, and round-trip time separately. A mark of DSCP 0 plus high jitter is a different fault from 12% loss with EF still set. Config: Capture at the egress and compare with CQD. Fault: The ticket says ‘Teams is down’ and loss is 0.2% with a 600 ms RTT.
  • SIP ladder A time-ordered picture of requests and responses between client, proxy, SBC, and carrier, joined by Call-ID. Config: Capture on the SBC, filter the Call-ID, and read the first non-success code. Fault: Two captures are compared and they are different calls.

Sister technologies

Around the call: compliance recording, workforce management, emergency location, analytics, CRM screen pop, and an agent with a human escape. Each one has its own failure.

Config and troubleshooting

Two captures are compared and they are different calls.

Cross-platform bridges

CUCM

Cisco CUBE is one of the SBC families named in this lab’s certification lesson. A certified release can be the Direct Routing SBC between Unified CM and Teams.

The tenant still needs a verified domain on the SBC FQDN, and the user still needs Teams Phone. The studio translator does not open a live AXL session. Confirm the current certified release before you build.

Webex

Teams Phone and Webex Calling are separate clouds. This lab does not describe a feature that registers a Webex Calling user into a Teams tenant.

A number move is usually a carrier port, a certified SBC, or a meetings interop product. Confirm before relying.

UCCE

Unified CCE stays the ACD until you migrate it. Microsoft’s contact-center articles name Connect, Extend, and Unify. They do not name a UCCE connector in the notes this lab cites.

Voice into Teams is still Direct Routing or Operator Connect. The routing script stays on the contact-center product you bought. Confirm the vendor’s current model. Source: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/teams-contact-center.

Future hooks

Copilot Studio, Azure Communication Services, and Graph are later tracks in this lab. Treat any uncited limit as confirm before relying.

BridgesEcosystem

Sources and go deeper

Opened 2026-10. A row marked confirm did not open. Wikipedia is background. The Teams blog row is the community index.

  • Plan Direct Routing — Microsoft Learn — last checked 2026-10.
  • RFC 3261 — RFC — last checked 2026-10.
  • Session Initiation Protocol — Wikipedia — last checked 2026-10. Wikipedia fallback for background. Confirm the vendor page before you change a tenant
  • Microsoft Teams blog index — Community — last checked 2026-10. Community index for the Microsoft Teams blog. This is the index, not a claim that a post discusses this room

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